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How to Use Media Ethically: Audio

Audio

Images of musicians and music lovers

Stated Licenses (Creative Commons & Public Domain)

Header Image Attribution

January 1970. The Philadelphia Orchestra, conducted by Eugene Ormandy, and the Valley Forge Military Academy Band under the leadership of Colonel D. Keith Feltham, performed the "1812 Overture" (full title: Festival Overture "The Year 1812", op. 49); by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky live at the Academy of Music in Philadelphia, PA. by Rodopa Public Domain

Attributing Audio

FOR CREATIVE COMMONS AUDIO:

Your attribution should follow this format, which adheres to Creative Commons best practices.

Title of audio file [linked to original hosting site] by Author [linked to profile page] under License [linked to license deed].

FOR PUBLIC DOMAIN AUDIO:

Your attribution should follow this format:

Title of work [linked to original hosting site] by Author, Date (if known, or n.d. if not known). Public Domain.

SOUND RECORDING

Artist LastName, FirstName. Title of Recording. Recorded Date. Manufacturer, Year of issue. Medium.

  • If you wish to highlight a particular song or part of a larger recording, place the name of the song in quotation marks before the italicized title of the larger recording. 
  • If there is no date of publication/release, use n.d.
  • Mediums can include: Audiocassette, Audiotape, CD, LP, MP3, etc. If you cannot determine the type of online file, use Digital file.
  • Treat recordings of drama, prose or poetry readings, and lectures as you would musical recordings.

EXAMPLES:

Rubinstein, Artur. The Chopin Collection. Recorded 1946, 1958-67. RCA Victor/BMG60822-2-RG, 1991. 11 CDs.

Floyd, Pink. "Atom Heart Mother." Atom Heart Mother. Recorded April 29, 1970. Harvest Records, 1970. 1 CD.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

Section 17.8.4 of the eighth edition of the Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations: Chicago Style for Students & Researchers.

Tools

TOOLS FOR CREATION

PLACES TO SHARE YOUR CREATIONS